Abstract

Electrochemical techniques have long played a significant role in pharmaceutical analysis, particularly in the quantification and investigation of redox-active drugs. This chapter explores the evolution of electrochemical analysis in pharmaceuticals, highlighting the shift from traditional techniques, such as polarography and mercury electrodes, to modern approaches utilizing nanotechnology-based platforms. It underscores the importance of integrating contemporary electrode materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and screen-printed electrodes, which offer enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and portability. These modern platforms allow for the rapid and cost-effective detection of pharmaceuticals in complex matrices without the need for extensive sample preparation. Reimagination of traditional voltammetric techniques provides new opportunities for the on-site determination of drug residues, quality control, and detection of counterfeit medicines. The integration of these modern technologies into electroanalytical methodologies enhances the accuracy, sensitivity, and robustness of pharmaceutical determinations, offering promising advancements for both clinical and industrial applications. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.