Abstract

Hydrogen production has gained popularity due to its use in the fertilizer, chemical, and steel industries. However, most of the hydrogen currently produced is fossil-fuel based, which directly emits greenhouse gases. Green hydrogen production using renewable energy reduces emissions and enables storage and transport of clean energy. Nevertheless, due to the intermittent nature of renewable sources and the specific requirements for green hydrogen production, short-term energy storage has always been necessary for solar energy based offgrid systems, increasing capital and maintenance costs. This paper proposes a novel droop control technique for off-grid green hydrogen production plants that do not have short-term energy storage. The proposed strategy uses estimations of the power available to reserve a power margin for unfavorable conditions. This power margin prevents internal controllers from saturation and supports system stability. To assess the performance of this strategy, comparisons with a conventional control scheme are drawn through simulation scenarios with distinct control parameters. The results show improvements in dynamic behavior, as demonstrated by a decrease in grid voltage oscillations and no sign of saturation among the internal controllers compared to traditional droop control. Results under realistic and challenging conditions showed the ability of the control strategy to maintain the system stable. This control strategy can provide an alternative path for off-grid green hydrogen production plants. © 2025 IEEE.