Abstract

This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) strategy for dynamic energy management in a hydrogen-powered microgrid that integrates PEM-based electrolysis, storage, and fuel cell systems. Unlike conventional approaches that simplify gas dynamics, this work couples electrical and moist-air domains to accurately represent hydrogen flow behavior. A dual-domain framework is proposed, where fast-acting local control loops ensure safe pressurization and flow regulation, while the high-level MPC optimizes power dispatch and operational costs. Simulation results demonstrate the system’s ability to manage rapid disturbances and maintain continuous power supply during grid outages, validating its application as a hydrogen-based uninterruptible power system. © 2025 IEEE.