Abstract

Human acclimatization to both high-altitude and microgravity is crucial for terrestrial and space exploration. Although these extreme environments elicit several similar physiological responses, including autonomic imbalance, metabolic stress, and reduced exercise capacity, the underlying central mechanisms remain unclear. However, these effects appear to be linked to chemoreflex control. This review summarizes current evidence and proposed potential similarities and bioconvergent mechanisms underlying human responses to both terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments.