Abstract

This CR2 report to the nation examines the challenges and opportunities for Chile to reach carbon neutrality while advancing towards a more just and climate-resilient country. It brings together interdisciplinary evidence in eight sections. The first places carbon neutrality within global climate governance, covering the Paris Agreement, climate-resilient development, climate justice, greenhouse gas inventories, blue carbon accounting, soil carbon and climate data governance. The second reviews the global carbon cycle, its relationship with current climate change, and carbon reservoirs and fluxes in Chile's terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The third analyzes Chile's regulatory framework, the legal reforms needed, synergies between adaptation and mitigation, and a just socio-ecological transition. The fourth addresses national inventories and reporting, carbon emissions and removals, ocean and blue carbon accounting, and the data governance challenges these raise. The fifth discusses the scientific challenges of estimating forest carbon sequestration and the role of ecological modelling. The sixth explores pathways for implementation, including resilient landscapes, sensitive ecosystems, sustainable soil management, coastal communities and climate-sensitive urban planning. The report closes with conclusions and policy recommendations.