Abstract

Chile, with its extensive and active volcanic geography, faces significant challenges for human, animal, and environmental health. This article presents an interdisciplinary review of the health impacts of volcanic eruptions, with a focus on the effects of volcanic ash exposure. The review integrates evidence from geology, public health, veterinary medicine, and environmental sciences, highlighting both acute and chronic health outcomes, including respiratory, ocular, and dermal disorders, as well as mental health impacts and ecological disruption. Volcanic ash also poses threats to agriculture and water quality, while ash-derived soils can alter pollutant mobility, as demonstrated by differential herbicide sorption in volcanic soil types. Drawing on historical eruptions and current risk management strategies led by Chile’s geological agency (SERNAGEOMIN), the study critiques the fragmented response to volcanic crises and advocates for a One Health approach. This integrative framework promotes coordination across human, animal, and environmental health sectors. The authors argue that preparedness must include training of health professionals, real-time monitoring systems, and community education. The findings underscore the need for updated public health policies and curriculum innovation to address the unique and multifaceted challenges posed by volcanic activity in Chile and other geologically active regions.