Abstract

Dysfunction of prefrontal cortex explains the symptoms of many neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as the consequences of cerebral trauma and schizophrenia. Although the importance of frontal lobe functions in complex cognition has long been recognized, systematic research efforts to specify the nature, organization and roles of these functions have been difficult for theoretical, experimental and clinical reasons. Recently, two new theoretical frameworks have been proposed to explain the role of prefrontal cortex. In this paper, we present a revision of the main clinical manifestations secondary to prefrontal dysfunction, the frameworks proposed by Mesulam and Koechlin to explain the role of prefrontal cortex in behavior and the principal instruments available to evaluate executive and strategic self-regulation functions