Abstract

Spermatozoa must decode environmental and cellular cues to succeed in fertilization, and this process relies heavily on ion channels. New observations bring to light the relevant participation of Cl − channels and anion transporters in some of the main sperm functions. Here we review the evidence that indicates the participation of Cl − channels in motility, maturation, and the acrosome reaction (AR), and what is known about their molecular identity and regulation. Our better understanding of sperm anion transport will yield tools to handle some infertility problems, improve animal breeding and preserve biodiversity, and develop selective and secure male contraceptives.