Abstract

Latent class analysis has been used in previous research to compare the configuration of citizenship norms endorsement among students in different countries. This study fits a different model specification, a homogenous model, in order to produce interpretable and comparable unobserved profiles of citizenship norms in different countries. This analysis was conducted using data from IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2016, which includes responses from students in 24 countries in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. The five-class citizenship norms profiles results and the trade-offs in model specifications are discussed in this chapter. The five-class solution presented here is comparable to previous studies assessing citizenship concepts in various settings.