Abstract

Background: The prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in HIV infected individuals is around 50%. Despite this, these diseases are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Direct effects of the virus, opportunistic infections, adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy and the sociocultural context of the infected persons, contribute to the development of HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and major depressive disorder (MDD), both of which have an impact in quality of life and disease progression. Aim: To introduce physicians in the pathophysiology, clinical features and management of psychiatric disease in seropositive patients. Content: Early detection and treatment of neuropsychiatric comorbidity in HIV infected individuals improve clinical outcomes, quality of life and is an important milestone in the control of the pandemic.