Abstract

Background & aims: Previous studies of our research group have shown that apoptosis is present in skeletal muscle of tumour-bearing animals subject to cachexia. For this reason we decided to investigate the apoptosis in skeletal muscle of cancer patients. Methods and results: In the present study, muscle biopsies from weight-losing patients with upper gastro-intestinal cancer showed a significant increase in muscle DNA fragmentation (three-fold), as compared with control subjects. The increase in DNA laddering was associated with an increase in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage (four-fold) as measured by western blotting. These two events indicate the presence of muscle apoptosis. These changes were associated with a decrease in MyoD protein content, suggesting important alterations in skeletal muscle physiology. Conclusions: The results presented therefore confirm that apoptosis is also present in human subjects undergoing cancer cachexia. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.