Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of two surface modifcations on early osseointegration parameters of conical implants in a translational pre-clinical model. Materials and methods: Conical implants with progressive trapezoidal threads and healing chambers were evaluated consisting of two different surface conditions: 1) Implacil surface (IMP Sur), and 2) Implacil surface + Supplemental Acid-etching (IMP Sur + AE). Surface characterization comprised of the evaluation of roughness parameters (Sa, Sq and Sdr), surface energy and contact angle. Subsequently, implants were installed in the ilium crest of nine female sheep (weighing ~65 kg). Torque out, histological and histomorphometric analyses were conducted after 3 and 6 weeks in-vivo. The percentage of bone to implant contact (%BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy within implant threads (%BAFO) were quantifed, and the results were analyzed using a general linear mixed model analysis as function of surface treatment and time in-vivo. Results: Supplemental acid etching signifcantly increased Sa and Sq roughness parameters without compromising the surface energy or contact angle, and no signifcant differences with respect to Sdr. Torque-out testing yielded signifcantly higher values for IMP Sur + AE in comparison to the IMP Sur at 3- (62.78 ± 15 and 33.49 ± 15 N. cm, respectively) and 6-weeks (60.74 ± 15 and 39.80 ± 15 N.cm, respectively). Histological analyses depicted similar osseointegration features for both surfaces, where an intramembranous-type healing pattern was observed. At histomorphometric analyses, IMP Sur + AE implants yielded higher values of BIC in comparison to IMP Sur at 3- (40.48 ± 38 and 27.98 ± 38%, respectively) and 6-weeks (45.86 ± 38 and 34.46 ± 38%, respectively). Both groups exhibited a signifcant increase in %BAFO from 3 (~35%) to 6 weeks (~44%), with no signifcant differences between surface treatments. Conclusion: Supplemental acid-etching and its interplay with implant thread design, positively infuenced the BIC and torque-out resistance at early stages of osseointegration.