Abstract

Bone formation and osteoblast differentiation require the functional expression of the Runx2/Cbfß heterodimeric transcription factor complex. Runx2 is also a suppressor of proliferation in osteoblasts by attenuating cell cycle progression in G1. Runx2 levels are modulated during the cell cycle, which are maximal in G1 and minimal beyond the G1/S phase transition (S, G2, and M phases). It is not known whether Cbfß gene expression is cell cycle controlled in preosteoblasts nor how Runx2 or Cbfß are regulated during the cell cycle in bone cancer cells. We investigated Runx2 and Cbfß gene expression during cell cycle progression in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, as well as ROS17/2.8 and SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells. Runx2 protein levels are reduced as expected in MC3T3-E1 cells arrested in late G1 (by mimosine) or M phase (by nocodazole), but not in cell cycle arrested osteosarcoma cells. Cbfß protein levels are cell cycle independent in both osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells. In synchronized MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts progressing from late G1 or mitosis, Runx2 levels but not Cbfß levels are cell cycle regulated. However, both factors are constitutively elevated throughout the cell cycle in osteosarcoma cells. Proteasome inhibition by MG132 stabilizes Runx2 protein levels in late G 1 and S in MC3T3-E1 cells, but not in ROS17/2.8 and SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells. Thus, proteasomal degradation of Runx2 is deregulated in osteosarcoma cells. We propose that cell cycle control of Runx2 gene expression is impaired in osteosarcomas and that this deregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.