Abstract

This paper presents an overview of distributed hydrogen systems (DHS) based on a literature review of 159 scientific publications. Research has grown exponentially since 2020, but the limited application in the Global South necessitates a broader spatial investigation. Power-to-hydrogen and green hydrogen concepts are found to be prevalent in the scientific literature. Although DHS is expected to accelerate the hydrogen economy transition, further emphasis should be on its energy security benefits. Most notably, hydrogen applications in scientific publications are falling short of market expectations, which is concerning. Moreover, distributed hydrogen production costs are incomparable to centralized production of hydrogen. The diverse challenges of DHS are addressed in scientific studies by focusing on miniaturization, optimization of DHS, and future uncertainties of hydrogen. Overall, identifying the research-market gap, current technology trends, and the future role and application of DHS will allow researchers to gain a deeper understanding of DHS and support its future growth.