Abstract

Microbial communities are essential for the productivity of agroecosystems. In sugarcane, using nitrogen fertilizers as a common management practice to keep crop productivity influences the diversification of the microbiome, causing changes in the diversity of microorganisms involved in the nitrogen (N) cycle. In a long-term experiment, this study aimed to analyze the influence of different nitrogen fertilization levels on the structure and composition of the rhizospheric microbial community. This research will help to establish a more precise fertilization regime. There were no significant differences in the composition and structure of the bacterial community when using different levels of nitrogen fertilization in sugarcane. Significant differences were detected at the genus and family level due to the presence of probiotic organisms in the untreated plots. The Phylum Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Mortierellomycota were the most related to the recommended nitrogen doses to obtain high agricultural yields under the conditions of Cuba. However, there were variations in composition and relative abundances of the Phylum of the mycobiota concerning the doses of nitrogen applied with a predominance of the Phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Significant differences were detected at the genus and family level due to the presence of probiotic organisms in the untreated plots.