Abstract

Physiological and biochemical responses to elevated temperatures were studied in the isomorphic tetrasporophyte (diploid) and gametophyte (haploid) phases of two Antarctic red macroalgal species (Sarcopeltis antarctica, former Gigartina skottsbergii - and Iridaea cordata), assessing whether ploidy affects the responses to extreme and fast warming events. The tetrasporophyte and gametophyte fronds of both species were exposed in the laboratory to 2 °C (control) and 8 °C (warming event) for up to 3 days. Photosynthetic performance and concentrations of chlorophyll a, total carotenoids, and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) were determined. Inter-and intraspecific differences in physiological and biochemical responses to temperature were observed. Temperature increases slightly stimulated photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) over 15 % at 8 °C only in gametophytes of both species. Intraspecific variation in the content of MAAs and total carotenoids was also observed, with tetrasporophytes of S. antarctica and gametophytes of I. cordata evidencing a significative 60 % MAA content decrease (accompanied by a slight increase in total carotenoid) at 8 °C. These results highlight the role of carotenoids in the acclimation to elevated temperature and MAA content at the lowest ones. Although some intraspecific differences in the responses of haplo-diplontic life cycle phase were observed, there were low effects of exposure to 8 °C on photochemistry, outlining the physiological tolerance of both ploidy phases of intertidal species to extreme pulses of temperature increases in Antarctica. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd