Abstract

This study introduces a ternary nanocomposite (Cu(OH)2/CdS-g-C3N4) as a promising and cost-effective alternative to precious metal-based catalysts for hydrogen (H2) generation under visible light irradiation. A three-step approach was employed, involving hydrothermal treatment, ball milling, and wet impregnation to achieve the desired composite structure. Comprehensive characterization techniques revealed the unique physicochemical properties of the material. Using a sacrificial solution of Na2S and Na2SO3, the optimized 3Cu/Cd–8CN photocatalyst achieved a promising hydrogen evolution rate of 32,414 ?mol h?1 g?1, significantly surpassing g-C3N4, CdS, and the binary Cu(OH)2/CdS composite. This rate represents the highest reported hydrogen production for g–C3N4–based ternary nanocomposites under simulated visible light. Furthermore, the photocatalyst demonstrated remarkable stability over five reaction cycles. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the three components, which enhances light absorption, charge separation, and hydrogen production efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of ternary nanocomposites as a promising avenue for developing sustainable and efficient hydrogen generation technologies. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC