Abstract

Objective: This cross-sectional study assesses the relationship between physical activity and crucial indicators of cognitive function in older adults with osteoarthritis and moderate-severe pain. Design: Data were derived from the 9th wave of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe, conducted among older people in 27 European countries and Israel. Cognitive measures of verbal fluency, immediate recall, delayed recall, and numeracy were included, as well as self-reports of physical activity level. Multivariable linear regression analysis was applied to test associations, adjusted for various demographic and lifestyle factors. Results: A total of 7429 participants were included. A positive association was found between performing moderate physical activity more than once a week and better verbal fluency (? = 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.75–2.58), immediate recall (? = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.41–0.60), delayed recall (? = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.34–0.57), and numeracy (? = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.34–0.52) compared to hardly ever or never performing physical activity. Additionally, a positive but weaker association was found between performing vigorous physical activity once a week and better verbal fluency (? = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.02–2.02), immediate recall (? = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.18–0.41), delayed recall (? = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.27–0.54), and numeracy (? = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.23–0.44). Conclusions: Regular physical activity, particularly moderate intensity, is positively associated with better cognitive measures of verbal fluency, immediate recall, delayed recall, and numeracy, with the strongest benefits observed for verbal fluency. © © 2025 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.