Abstract

Angiogenesis is essential for tissue growth and repair, but its dysregulation is associated with various pathological conditions, such as cancer and ischemic disease. Non?neuronal ?7?nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (?7?nAChRs) mediate angiogenic pathways. Activation of these receptors increases endothelial Ca2+ concentration and stimulates intracellular signaling cascades involved in angiogenesis. The development of positive allosteric modulators and synthetic agonists targeting ?7?nAChRs may serve as a strategy to enhance angiogenesis. The synthetic isoxazole compound ISO?1 acts as an ?7?nAChR agonist, increasing endothelial Ca2+ concentrations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of ISO?1 to stimulate angiogenesis in vitro. HUVECs were isolated from umbilical cords. Cell viability, proliferation, migration and angiogenic capacity were assessed using MTS, neutral red, SRB, wound healing, and tube formation assays under treatment with ISO?1 and controls. ISO?1, at concentrations ranging from 1x10?9 to 10?3.5 M, did not affect endothelial viability. Regarding angiogenesis, ISO?1 did not stimulate endothelial cell proliferation but induced endothe? lial cell migration at concentrations of 10?6 and 10?4 M. This pro?migratory effect was similar to that observed with the activation of nAChRs by nicotine and choline. Furthermore, the effect was completely inhibited by the ?7?nAChR antag? onist ??bungarotoxin. ISO?1 increased tubular length and branching, similar to the effect of nicotine. These findings demonstrated that the isoxazole compound ISO?1, through activation of ?7?nAChR, increased endothelial Ca2+ concen? tration and promoted endothelial cell migration and tubular formation, two key stages of angiogenesis. Altogether, these findings suggest that ISO?1 may represent a promising thera? peutic candidate for diseases characterized by impaired angiogenesis. However, further investigations are needed to elucidate its precise downstream signaling pathways and in vivo efficacy. © © 2025 Espinoza et al.