Abstract

We demonstrated intrinsic compositional self-doping in FA1–xCsxPbI3perovskite films prepared by thermal co-evaporation under high vacuum. By systematically varying the (FAI + CsI)/PbI2precursor ratio while keeping the FA/Cs ratio fixed, we induced a gradual Fermi level shift from n- to p-type, as confirmed by UPS/IPES. This doping control is achieved without external dopants or postdeposition treatments. A cesium content of x ? 0.20 enables room-temperature stabilization of the photoactive ?-phase without annealing. These results provide a scalable, annealing-free route to engineer electronic properties in vacuum-deposited perovskites, offering a foundation for simplified device architectures such as homojunctions. © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society