Abstract

Psychostimulants are used to enhance cognitive functions such as atten-tion and alertness, particularly in contexts of high academic demand. Aim: This study aims to assess the prevalence of psychostimulant use among medical students and residents in Chile, identifying associa-ted factors such as academic stress, level of training, and contextual elements. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey administered to 314 participants, the majority of whom were female (72.3%), with 38.2% being 6th-7th year medical students and residents. Results: The results revealed that among responders, 17.8% reported using methylphenidate (MPH), 13% lisdexamfetamine (LDX/AMPH), and 11.4% modafinil, with a low proportion consuming them under medical prescription. A significant association was found between high levels of academic stress and the use of modafinil (p=0.023). Additionally, a significant association between academic progression and LDX/AMPH use was found (p=0.0077). Conclusions: The use of psychostimulants among medical students raises ethical and public health concerns, considering the risks of dependency, adverse effects, and academic inequalities. The consumption of psychostimulants is high among medical students and residents in Chile, particularly in advanced stages of training. It highlights the need for ethical and educational interventions in the academic environment.