Abstract

The northern scallop, Argopecten purpuratus, has a high economic value. Its natural geographical distribution occurs only in the north of Chile. However, this species has been introduced to the south of Chile for mass culture. This area has advantages for suspended cultures, such as the existence of many sheltered, wave-protected bays and lower levels of fouling and boring species. Low temperatures in this area, however, may hinder growth rates. The growth of A. purpuratus was studied in cultures carried out in southern Chile. The cultures were undertaken in two locations: Metri Bay (41°36'S, 72°43'W) and Quihua Channel (41°50'S, 73°05'W). Seasonal variations, density effects and culture location were evaluated. In addition, in Chidhuapi Channel (41°48'S, 73°7'W), growth was evaluated in two different culture systems: lantern nets and pockets. Growth varied according to area, season and culture system. The growth was higher and density-dependent in Metri Bay and lower and density-independent in Quihua Channel. The growth rate was higher in spring than in winter in both areas. Individual growth in the pocket system was higher than that of the lantern system at densities of 25 individuals/tray. Results show that the northern scallop introduced to the south of Chile, reaches a commercial size in slightly longer periods than those in natural distribution areas. However, the successful culture in the south of Chile depends on the season, culture area and the culture system. Factors such as temperature, water flow and maximum food levels may also influence cultures. The existence of sheltered bays protected from waves, low levels of fouling and boring species and suitable growth levels indicate that the introduction of scallops to the south of Chile, make mass culture of this species feasible.