Abstract

B1 cells produce most natural Abs in unimmunized mice and play a key role in the response to thymus-independent Ags and microbial infection. Enlargement of B1 cell number in mice is often associated with autoimmunity. However, the factors that control peripheral B1 cell survival remain poorly characterized. Mice lacking the inhibitory receptor Fc?RIIb exhibit a massive expansion in peritoneal B1 cells, implicating this receptor in B1 cell homeostasis. In this study, we show that peritoneal B1 cells express the highest levels of Fc?RIIb among B cell subsets and are highly susceptible to Fc?RIIb-mediated apoptosis. B1 cells upregulate Fc?RIIb in response to innate signals, including CpG, and the B cell homeostatic cytokine BAFF efficiently protects activated B1 cells from Fc?RIIb-mediated apoptosis via receptor downregulation. BAFF-transgenic mice manifest an expansion of peritoneal B1 cells that express lower levels of Fc?RIIb and exhibit reduced susceptibility to apoptosis. Whereas both peritoneal B1 cells from wild-type and BAFF-transgenic mice immunized with CpG exhibit an increase in Fc?RIIb levels, this change is blunted in BAFF-transgenic animals. Our combined results demonstrate that Fc?RIIb controls peritoneal B1 cell survival and this program can be modulated by the BAFF signaling axis. Copyright©2012 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.