Abstract

Introduction. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease. At present, there are not curative therapies for ALS. Pathogenic and progression mechanisms suggest the existence of oxidative stress, abnormal intracellular protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, axonal transport impairment, impairment of trophic support, altered glial cell function, and glutamate excitoxicity. Aim. To evaluate therapeutic results with adult stem cell for ALS treatment. Development. Stem cells represent a potential therapeutic strategy, because their biological mechanisms could act on several of the pathogenic mechanisms proposed for ALS. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are especially interesting among adult stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells can diferentiate in all central nervous system cells and potentially replace them. Furthermore, they have immunomodulatory effect s, secreting, especially in neuroinfammatory environments, neurotrophic and antiinfammatory factors. Studies in murine models of ALS show decrease of infammation and disease progression, and increase on animal highly heterogeneous, suggest that mesenchymal stem cells transplant in ALS appears to be safe. However, they fail showing clinical improvement of patients. Conclusion. Additional preclinical studies are necessary to refne this therapeutic approach, to assess long term survival and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, dosing, biological activity and safety should be conducted before any planning further human testing occurs.© 2011 Revista de Neurología.