Abstract

The integration of phytosanitary treatments with modern agronomic techniques has been one for the last few decades, an indisputable issue and will hereinafter surprising. It is considered that the synthetic product used in agriculture are responsible for the pollution of most biotopes, the loss of biodiversity and pollution of water necessary for human life; also it represents a drag increasingly, not only for agriculture but also for ecology and a long term for the vital balance of the planet. The arrival of an alternative to these techniques with substances through integrated pest management announces a renewal of phytosanitary horizon. This proposal raises find molecules with biocides potential to contribute to the development of new phytosanitary treatments, with the font of the Rhamnaceae family, which previous studies have shown insecticidal activity . Endemic Chilean plants of family Rhamnaceae are an interesting resource to study, because there is very little background on it. Previous studies on Chilean Rhamanceae, indicate the presence of alkaloids and triterpenes that have shown an interesting activity on different receptors. It is known that this receptor is involved in feeding reflexes and/or insecticidal activity in insects exhibited by different types of compounds. The methodology that will be used to meet the proposed objectives including of the collecting of the botanical samples (plants of genus Discaria and Colletia) betwee in the V-IX Region of Chile, authentication of species, extraction, chemical fractionation, purification of the isolated products, elucidation of the molecular structures, evaluation of the biological properties such as insecticidal, insect growth regulatory, antimicrobial activities and inhibition of enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase that play an important role in the development of insects. To perform activity assays, we have selected insects that often attack crops of fruits and vegetables, such as: Cydia pomonella, Sitophilus zeamais, Pieris brassicae, and Spodoptera frugiperda. In addition, structural modifications (hemisynthesis) will be made in order to study the structure-activity relationship. It is important to emphasize that the flora of South-central of Chile represents unique biotype, whose potential from point of view phytochemical has been little explored, particularly the Rhamnaceae family. Finally, this project has been integrated phytochemical with botanical studies. The ultimate purpose of sustainable and biorational alternatives that respect the environment, the current indiscriminate, not selective, inducted resistance and deleterious to the environment, pesticides synthetic, in the fight against insect pests that are important to the economy of the regions involved