Abstract

In order to characterize and identify possible temporal variations in the phenology of the vine, the date of occurrence of certain growth stages over six varieties, three late ones (Ruby seedless, Red Globe and Moscatel rosada) and three considered early (Flame seddless, Early Muscat Perlette). These were planted under the climatic conditions of central Chile, where the climate is Mediterranean marine (Classification of Papadakis) and were measured during the periods 1991-2000, 2001-2004 and 2012-2015. Since bud scales opening to harvest maturity, varieties averaging a cycle of 195 days with a difference of 29 days between early and late ones. Early varieties were very similar to each other, while among later ones variations up to 7 days were recorded. The occurrence of the state of bud scales opening averaged nine days prior to the earliest, while for first separate sheet and harvest maturity, the difference was 7 and 38 days respectively. Bud scales opening was the state which has greater variation in time, occurring on average 50 days earlier in the period 2012-2015 compared to 1991-2000. To harvest maturity opposite trend, but smaller, occurring nine days later in the second evaluation period was observed. These two facts make the period between bud break and full maturity spread over 254 days, 59 more in 2012-2015 than in 1991-2000. The implications of this change at the start of the activity in the buds, especially in early varieties, is of great importance, considering that the days with temperatures below 0 ° C have increased in the months of July and August, which match swelling buds. Therefore, it is necessary to promote varieties that start their cycle later and thus avoid possible damage caused by freezing.