Abstract

For non-equilibrium systems in a steady state we present two necessary and sufficient conditions for the emergence of q-canonical ensembles, also known as Tsallis statistics. These conditions are invariance requirements over the definition of subsystem and environment, and over the joint rescaling of temperature and energy. Our approach is complementary to the notions of Tsallis non-extensive statistics and Superstatistics. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.