Abstract

Objective. To describe the characteristics of mortality from ischemic heart disease in Chile and its trend over time, and to identify the factors associated with extra-hospital mortality from this pathology between 1997 and 2007. Methods. A time-series study was conducted using the mortality database of the Department of Health Statistics and Information for 1997 to 2007. Of the total of 917 029 deaths reported in this period, those whose primary cause was ischemic heart disease (ICD-10 codes I20-I25) were selected. Crude and adjusted rates were calculated by age and sex in order to analyze the trend. Mortality characteristics were analyzed by the place of death, evaluating potential factors associated with extra-hospital mortality (death at home or elsewhere outside a hospital or clinic). The factors considered, using binomial regression, were age, rurality, marital status, education, and sex, as well as the effect of the incorporation of acute myocardial infarction into the explicit health guarantees law. Results. During the period in question, 87 342 deaths from ischemic heart disease were reported, 57.7% of which were in males and 59.5% outside the hospital. The age-standardized mortality rate declined from 52.9 to 40.4 per 100 000 population. Factors related to extra-hospital mortality in men were rurality, relative risk (RR) 1.24 (1.21-1.27); age of over 70 years, RR 1.03 (1.01-1.05); and being single, RR 1.10 (1.08-1.12). In women, the respective values were rurality, 1.13 (1.10-1.18); advanced age, 1.31 (1.27-1.36); and being single, 1.07 (1.04-1.09). Passage of the explicit health guarantees law was associated with an increase in the percentage of in-hospital deaths in women, RR 0.95 (0.92-0.97). Conclusions. Mortality from ischemic heart disease in Chile has declined. The majority of deaths from this cause occur outside hospitals or clinics. The factors associated with extra-hospital mortality in both sexes were advanced age, being single, and rurality.