Abstract

This paper reviews literature on bias against the Mapuche, a native Chilean group in conflict with the Chilean State. The conflict is originated by the historical inattention of the indigenous demands which has generated violent actions from some Mapuches and, in turn, repression from the State. The BIAS model allowed to classify the findings according to four categories: contemptuous, paternalistic and envious bias, and absence of bias. Greater support was found for the contemptuous bias, which implies attributing ineptitude and aggressiveness to Mapuches and also feelings of aversion and abusive attitudes toward them. Some evidence was also found for the two ambivalent biases: paternalistic and envious. The first considers conceiving Mapuches as ignorant but warm persons, feeling pity for them and acting in a protective but hierarchical way toward this indigenous people. The second perceives Mapuches as opportunists and unfairly privileged by the State’s compensatory policies, generating resentment and public complaints. Some evidence was also found for the absence of bias, which conceives the Mapuches as skillful and loyal, producing admiration and cooperation actions. The psychopolitical implications of each bias are discussed and suggestions are proposed to reduce the adherence to the biases that contribute to maintain the intergroup conflict.