Abstract

This review is focused on the critical discussion about the most representative carbon nanotubes( CNTs)-based electrochemical (bio) sensors for the quantification of different biomarkers of clinical relevance reported in the period 2013-2017 (carcynoembryonic antigen, prostate specific antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, cytokines, cardiac biomarkers, insulin growth factor-1, beta-galactoside-alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase, DNA sequences, microRNAs, and dopamine). We concentrated our attention on the molecules used as (bio) recognition elements, the approaches for immobilizing these (bio) recognition molecules at the electrode surfaces, the strategies to generate the analytical signal (label-free or labeled), the analytical performance of the resulting (bio) sensors, and the role of CNTs in these different aspects. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.