Abstract

The synthesis of chiral beta(2)-amino acids by homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation is discussed. Prochiral beta-aryl- or beta-hetaryl-alpha-N-benzyl/N-acetyl/N-Boc substituted alpha-aminomethylacrylates used as substrates were prepared by a Baylis-Hillman reaction, followed by acylation and amination. For the asymmetric hydrogenation, a large variety of chiral, preferentially rhodium catalysts bearing commercially available phosphorus ligands were tested. Conversions and enantioselectivities were dependent on the reaction conditions and varied strongly between the substrates used. A chiral N-alpha-phenylethyl group supports the stereoface discriminating ability of the chiral catalysts and thus a matching pair effect could be realized. In strong contrast, a chiral ester group has almost no effect in this respect. In some cases the use of the corresponding substrate acid was better in comparison to the use of its ester. After optimization of the hydrogenation conditions (chiral catalyst, H-2-pressure, temperature, solvent), full conversions and products with up to 99% ee were achieved. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.