Abstract

Leptin is a hormone-like protein involved in physiological processes related to the regulation of energy metabolism, reproduction, immunity, cancer, breastfeeding, among others. Leptin receptor is expressed in almost all tissues and generates six isoforms from a single mRNA. The predominant isoform in bovine mammary gland is the Ob-Rb, which triggers a signaling cascade through JAK-STAT molecules to induce proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, according to the female reproductive stage. In small ruminants, such as sheep and goats, leptin and its receptor levels vary widely, being high at the beginning of pregnancy, tending to fall in mid-gestation, and remaining low until the end of lactation. An expression pattern of leptin receptor has not yet been established for the various reproductive stages in bovine mammary gland. Such study is considered important and necessary to understand the effect of leptin via its receptor in mammary gland, especially during lactation when the gland undergoes tissue remodeling to sustain high milk production. This review presents a hypothesis about the signaling pathway triggered by leptin receptor in the mammary gland during bovine lactation.