Abstract

This article presents the design, construction and performance comparison of three 4x4 Butler matrix technologies working on the Ka-band: standard microstrip, standard microstrip with metasurface packaging and inverted microstrip gap waveguide technology (IM-GWG). Measurement results show that the packaged microstrip and the IM-GWG exhibit less losses, with a good compromise in cost and performance compared to the conventional microstrip Butler matrix. (C) 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.