Abstract

Chemical tools have been extensible used to probe complex biological processes [1]. A variety of small molecules (< 500 Da) like Brefeldin A, Tyrphostin A23, Wortmannin have been intensively utilized to study endomembrane protein trafficking and have illustrated corresponding biological functions [2-7]. After the application, bioactive small molecules can be rapidly permeated or transported into cells to create observable effects. These molecules can be washed out to reverse their effects, permitting a return to a normal state. This rapid and reversible behavior along with precise concentration and time of treatment provides a high degree of control, permitting dynamic processes to be studied in vivo.