Skeletal Muscle-Released Extracellular Vesicles: State of the Art

Rome, Sophie; Forterre, Alexis; Mizgier, Maria Luisa; Bouzakri, Karim

Abstract

All cells export part of their intracellular content into the extracellular space through the release of various types of extracellular vesicles (EVs). They are synthetized either from the budding of the plasma membrane [i.e., microparticles (MPs, 150-300 nm size)] or from the late endosomes in which intraluminal vesicles progressively (ILVs) accumulate during their maturation into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). ILVs are then released into the extracellular space through MVB fusion with the plasma membrane [i.e., exosomes (50-100 nm size)]. In the context of metabolic diseases, recent data have highlighted the role of EVs in inflammation associated with pancreas dysfunction, adipose tissue homeostasis, liver steatosis, inflammation, and skeletal muscle (SkM) insulin resistance (IR). Among these insulin-sensitive tissues, SkM is the largest organ in human and is responsible for whole-body glucose disposal and locomotion. Therefore, understanding the contribution of SkM-EVs in the development of diabetes/obesity/dystrophy/,-related diseases is a hot topic. In this review, we have summarized the role of SkM-EVs in muscle physiology and in the development of metabolic diseases and identify important gaps that have to be filled in order to have more precise information on SkM-EVs biological actions and to understand the functions of the different subpopulations of SkM-EVs on the whole-body homeostasis.

Más información

Título según WOS: ID WOS:000480265400001 Not found in local WOS DB
Título de la Revista: FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
Volumen: 10
Editorial: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
Fecha de publicación: 2019
DOI:

10.3389/fphys.2019.00929

Notas: ISI