Abstract

Introduction Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the primary viral cause of respiratory diseases, leading to bronchiolitis and pneumonia in vulnerable populations. The only current treatment against this virus is palliative, and no efficient and specific vaccine against this pathogen is available. Areas covered The authors describe the disease symptoms caused by hRSV, the economic and social impact of this infection worldwide, and how this infection can be modulated using pharmacological treatments, preventing and limiting its dissemination. The authors discuss the use of antibodies as prophylactic tools -such as palivizumab- and the use of nonspecific drugs to decrease the symptoms associated with the infection -such as bronchodilators, corticoids, and antivirals. They also discuss current vaccine candidates, new prophylactic treatments, and new antivirals options, which are currently being tested. Expert opinion Today, many researchers are focused on developing different strategies to modulate the symptoms induced by hRSV. However, to achieve this, understanding how current treatments are working and their shortcomings needs to be further elucidated.