Abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize the different explanatory models of internalized stigma in people with mental disorders. A systematic search and review of the literature were conducted, and 13 articles were selected. Five explanatory models of internalized stigma were identified: the socio-cognitive model; the model of personal discrimination, internalized stigma, and intention to participate in collective actions; the internalized stigma model; the socio-cognitive-behavioral model; and the causality model of self-stigma-related factors in people with anxiety disorders. The models were found to include psychosocial, self-concept, and mental health variables. Notably, while the socio-cognitive model was the most tested, only some of the associated studies were fully validated. The model of personal discrimination, internalized stigma, and intention to participate in collective actions was fully validated; the rest were partially validated. Thus, it was concluded that models of internalized stigma explain this phenomenon from psychosocial variables such as acceptance and application of stereotypes. Cognitive-behavioral strategies, peer support, disclosure, and psychoeducational strategies are the most relevant for reducing internalized stigma.