Abstract

Gomortega keule (Molina) Baillon is a rare Chilean species classified as endangered and currently under conservation. Currently, conservation of this species is carried out by private companies and government agencies, but is done so based more on pragmatic criteria than scientifically based strategies. In this context, information concerning the genetic variability of the species among the different populations over its entire distribution range is incomplete, making it difficult to coordinate management and conservation strategies. Here we report a study to evaluate the genetic variability and population structure of G. keule over its entire distribution in Chile. Twenty-five ISSR primers for 223 individuals from 11 geographical populations were tested to evaluate genetic variability. Results showed a high level of genetic diversity for the species. A high level of genetic differentiation among populations was found, while genetic structure of the geographic populations was also shown by using STRUCTURE 2.1 software. Despite the fact that this species has been highly affected by human intervention and habitat destruction, a high level of genetic diversity was present. A likely explanation for this is that it reflects the previous distribution of this long-lived species and the current lack of sexual regeneration. Genetic diversity data must be considered in the development of a management strategy for further developing the protected areas, for identifying isolated small populations for conservation, and using larger populations with higher genetic diversity as seed sources for ex situ propagation and replanting. © 2008 NRC.