Abstract

Edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom-forming fungi (EEMF) are heterogeneously distributed in South America, with major occurrence of native and introduced species in temperate forest areas. This chapter focuses on EEMF from the Andean-Patagonian region, as well in natural ecosystems as in timber monocultures, including also recent progress in truffle culture. We gathered information about species diversity, cultural and economic importance, nutritional value, experience with cultivation, sustainable management, and conservation.