Abstract

Cardiac cells respond to various pathophysiological stimuli, synthesizing inflammatory molecules that allow tissue repair and proper functioning of the heart; however, perpetuation of the inflammatory response can lead to cardiac fibrosis and heart dysfunction. High concentration of glucose (HG) induces an inflammatory and fibrotic response in the heart. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are resident cells of the heart that respond to deleterious stimuli, increasing the synthesis and secretion of both fibrotic and proinflammatory molecules. The molecular mecha-nisms that regulate inflammation in CFs are unknown, thus, it is important to find new targets that allow improving treatments for HG-induced cardiac dysfunction. NF & kappa;B is the master regulator of inflammation, while FoxO1 is a new participant in the inflammatory response, including inflammation induced by HG; however, its role in the inflammatory response of CFs is unknown. The inflammation resolution is essential for an effective tissue repair and recovery of the organ function. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an anti-inflammatory agent with cyto-protective effects, while its cardioprotective effects have not been fully studied. Thus, in this study, we analyze the role of p65/NF & kappa;B, and FoxO1 in CFs inflammation induced by HG, evaluating the anti-inflammatory prop-erties of LXA4. Our results demonstrated that HG induces the inflammatory response in CFs, using an in vitro and ex vivo model, while FoxO1 inhibition and silencing prevented HG effects. Additionally, LXA4 inhibited the activation of FoxO1 and p65/NF & kappa;B, and inflammation of CFs induced by HG. Therefore, our results suggest that FoxO1 and LXA4 could be novel drug targets for the treatment of HG-induced inflammatory and fibrotic dis -orders in the heart.