Abstract

Environmental conservation requires identification of biological and ecological values, application of protection measures and, thereafter, regular and periodic sampling. The protection of Antarctic values is important for the conservation of the Antarctic environment. In Antarctica, multiple sites with unique values are provided with protection as Antarctic Specially Protected Areas, through the mechanisms of the Antarctic Treaty System. This study explores the relationship between research, scientific fieldwork activities and conservation values of different Antarctic Specially Protected Areas in the western Antarctic Peninsula region using as an exemplar the sampling effort and spatial coverage of the Chilean National Antarctic Science Program (PROCIEN). The results of this study reveal (a) the importance of the Field Work Report (FWR) as an Antarctic value data collecting tool and (b) the importance of the scientific stations and their associated research sites for improving knowledge of Antarctic ecosystems and underpinning sustainable Antarctic Scientific programs and expeditions. We identified a southward expansion over time of the sampling coverage of the PROCIEN, from initially restricted activities around the South Shetland Islands (62 degrees S) towards South Bay (64 degrees S) and Marguerite Bay (68 degrees S). We discuss our findings in the context of climate change threats and suggest some refinements in management plans that could strengthen the effectiveness of Antarctic Specially Protected Areas. Finally, collaborations, coordination and agreements between Antarctic stakeholders are key factors in the effectiveness of Antarctic protection.