Abstract

Simple Summary Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common biliary tract cancer worldwide, with incidental GBC being the most common presentation of resectable gallbladder cancer today. While surgery remains the only curative treatment, important progress has been made in the understanding of molecular pathogenesis and systemic treatment options. Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common biliary tract cancer worldwide and its incidence has significant geographic variation. A unique combination of predisposing factors includes genetic predisposition, geographic distribution, female gender, chronic inflammation, and congenital developmental abnormalities. Today, incidental GBC is the most common presentation of resectable gallbladder cancer, and surgery (minimally invasive or open) remains the only curative treatment available. Encouragingly, there is an important emerging role for systemic treatment for patients who have R1 resection or present with stage III-IV. In this article, we describe the pathogenesis, surgical and systemic treatment, and prognosis.