Abstract

The central-eastern tropical Pacific is currently significantly warmer than normal, and the likelihood of a strong El Niño developing by early 2024 is 75–85%, according to the National Weather Service’s Climate Prediction Center. Disruptions in ecosystem services and increased vulnerability, in particular in the coastal zones, are expected in many parts of the world. In this comment, we review the latest seasonal forecasts and showcase the potential for predicting the world’s coastlines based on data-driven modeling.