Abstract

This comprehensive review uniquely investigates the evolving landscape of nano-Phase Change Materials (nanoPCMs), with a particular focus on their transformative impact in energy storage systems under dynamically changing environmental conditions. Unlike previous reviews, this work not only highlights the fundamental role of nano-PCMs in boosting energy efficiency and reliability but also identifies new thresholds in the development of adaptive and resilient energy strategies. We conduct a meticulous analysis of the most recent academic literature, providing fresh insights into the origins, characteristics, and progressive utilization of nano-PCMs across a spectrum of energy infrastructures, from residential to industrial scales. A key novelty of our review lies in the detailed exploration of the remarkable thermal properties of nano-PCMs, such as their exceptional latent heat storage and enhanced thermal conductivity, which are pivotal for managing temperature fluctuations and maximizing storage efficacy. We reveal how the nanometric scale of these materials affords a superior surface area, facilitating quicker thermal responses essential for tackling diverse meteorological challenges. Our critique not only reaffirms the essential role of nano-PCMs in future energy storage advancements but also discusses ongoing research efforts that are refining their properties and broadening their applications. These efforts aim to foster sustainable energy management and enhance climatic resilience, marking a significant step forward in the field. This review contributes to the literature by integrating cutting-edge research with practical applications, setting a new benchmark for future explorations in nano-PCM technology.