Abstract

Global energy demands are rising fast, and trying to develop clean energy sources can mitigate climate change. Green Hydrogen is one of them and can be generated using several techniques and technologies. The present work reviews recent developments in biohydrogen production. This review discusses the biohydrogen production methods, their advantages and drawbacks, and several factors affecting the production process. The vital role of nanomaterials in the biohydrogen production process and biohydrogen yield enhancement is reported. The present work also reviews the recent developments in nanomaterials for microbial growth and development, improved biohydrogen production pathways, and novel hybrid bioreactor designs using biophotolysis and fermentation processes. The review concludes with the latest research trends, gaps, and commercial activities on this topic, which are still in the embryo period. Hence, the present work emphasizes the need for further studies on commercial biohydrogen production, essential to reduce the gap between realistic and practical applications and techno-economic viability.