Abstract

Copper anode slime (CAS) is a valuable residue produced during the refining of metallic copper. Although it contains toxic elements such as As, Sb, and Cd, CAS is also a source of various valuable metals, including Au, Ag, platinum group metals, Se, Te, Sn, Cu, Ni, and Pb, among others. However, processing CAS is difficult due to the various mineralogical phases present. To improve the efficiency of valuable metal recovery, many researchers have explored different alternatives, including the gradual replacement of potentially toxic reagents with more environmentally friendly options that produce physically and chemically stable residues. Additionally, the use of green solvents that partially or totally replace water in the CAS processing have been increasingly proposed. This article provides a detailed review of the various hydrometallurgical options available for processing anodic copper slimes. It also highlights optimum conditions reported by researchers for achieving good recoveries of different slime components. The information presented can serve as a helpful guide for those interested in exploring new methods of processing anodic slimes and designing experiments. In addition, the article proposes two conceptual designs for processing CAS, which integrate different selectivity and compatibility criteria in reactivity. These designs have demonstrated higher recoveries of each element per stage.