Abstract

At millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies, radio propagation links are more vulnerable to obstructions, causing coverage losses and power fades. This paper characterizes shadow fades for 28 GHz links caused by vehicles blocking line-of-sight (LOS) propagation, with results which may be applied to sidelink vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications. The amplitude and duration of 532 vehicle-induced shadowing events (SEs) were measured. We classify vehicles depending on their height being taller or lower than 2.5 m. We found that at the 90 percentile tall vehicles produce fades as deep as 25.5 dB which reduces to 17.1 dB for those less than 2.5 m high. Fade parameters classified by vehicle size were modeled using log-normal and Weibull distributions to provide information on how to simulate the impact of vehicular obstructions on mmWave systems.