Abstract

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the production of green hydrogen using renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic energy. This is seen as an effective way to combat the impacts of climate change. An electrical system is needed to power the electrolyzer continuously; to achieve this, the electrolyzer is connected with power converters and energy storage systems such as batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen tanks. These systems allow the hydrogen produced to be converted into electrical energy through a fuel cell when needed, ensuring continuous operation even when the renewable energy source is unavailable. This work proposes an optimization model for an off-grid DC microgrid aimed at maximizing the utilization rate of the electrolyzer and minimizing hydrogen fuel cell consumption. The results demonstrate that a linear method can reduce hydrogen fuel consumption by approximately 40.73% to meet electrical demand while increasing hydrogen production and optimizing energy generation and storage systems.