Abstract

--- - ObjectiveTo analyze the sociostructural determinants associated with mental health problems during the lockdown period among populations residing in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain who lived with minors or dependents, approached from a gender perspective.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in six participating countries via an adapted, self-managed online survey. People living with minors and/or dependents were selected. Multivariate logistic regression models were estimated to assess the associations between sociostructural variables and mental health problems (anxiety (GAD-7) and/or depression (PHQ-9)). The analyses were stratified by sex and country.ResultsOut of a total of 39,006 people, 18,040 reported living with minors and/or dependents (73% women). In all countries, women reported worse mental health, with Spain having a lower prevalence. The risks of mental health problems in women in most countries are associated with poor housing conditions and performing care work. University education was associated with a protective factor. For men, risks were related to being younger, worsening working conditions and concerns about living together at home.ConclusionsWomen in Latin America who lived with dependents had worse outcomes than those in Spain did. It is necessary to develop intersectoral and social determinants strategies to prevent, protect and support the mental health of those who live with dependents and minors. - ObjetivoAnalizar los determinantes socioestructurales asociados a problemas de salud mental durante la primera ola del confinamiento en la poblaci & oacute;n residente en Brasil, Chile, Ecuador, M & eacute;xico, Per & uacute; y Espa & ntilde;a que convivieron con personas dependientes desde una perspectiva de g & eacute;nero.M & eacute;todosSe realiz & oacute; un estudio transversal mediante una encuesta adaptada y en l & iacute;nea autogestionada en los seis pa & iacute;ses participantes. Se seleccionaron a personas que conviv & iacute;an con personas menores y/o dependientes. Se calcularon modelos de regresi & oacute;n log & iacute;stica multivariante para evaluar la asociaci & oacute;n entre las variables socioestructurales con problemas de salud mental (ansiedad (GAD-7) y/o depresi & oacute;n (PHQ-9)). Los an & aacute;lisis se estratificaron por sexo y pa & iacute;s.ResultadosDe un total de 39.006 personas, 18.040 personas declararon convivir con personas menores y/o dependientes (73% mujeres). En todos los pa & iacute;ses las mujeres reportaron peor salud mental, siendo Espa & ntilde;a con una prevalencia m & aacute;s baja. Los riesgos de problemas de salud mental en las mujeres de la mayor & iacute;a de los pa & iacute;ses se asociaron a las malas condiciones de vivienda y realizar trabajos de cuidados. El nivel educativo universitario se asoci & oacute; a un factor protector. Para los hombres, los riesgos estuvieron relacionados con tener menor edad, empeoramiento en la condiciones laborales y preocupaciones sobre la convivencia en el hogar.ConclusionesLas mujeres de Latinoam & eacute;rica que convivieron con personas dependientes presentaron peores resultados que las de Espa & ntilde;a. Es necesario desarrollar estrategias intersectoriales y desde los determinantes sociales para prevenir proteger y respaldar la salud mental de quienes conviven con personas dependientes y menores.