Abstract

Intellectual disability is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions, characterized by difficulties in reasoning and adaptive behaviors apparent during the developmental period. The identification process for intellectual disability involves using culturally adapted and normed standardized tests, alongside a complex clinical assessment conducted by professionals with sufficient knowledge and training. This enables them to accurately interpret assessment results and determine individualized support needs for each person. In this chapter, we commence with a definition of intellectual disability. We then provide an overview of the current standards for the identification process, encompassing the necessary assessment areas, available evaluation instruments, and clinical considerations essential for ensuring quality. Finally, we conclude the chapter with practical recommendations for conducting identification processes in developing or low-income countries.